Evaluating Hetian Jade: A Guide to Quality and Authenticity
察質觀色辨析和田玉：品質與真偽鑑別指南
Renowned as the “King of Nephrite Jade,” Hetian jade captivates collectors whether in raw form or as finished pieces. To avoid counterfeit products and unethical sellers, Luan Bing’ao, Vice President of the China Gems & Jades Association and senior engineer, offers key identification tips. We can evaluate Hetian jade based on color, texture, impurities, and hardness.
「軟玉之王」和田玉無論是仔料還是成品都吸引著藏家的眼球。如何對之加以鑑別，不被魚目混珠的不法商家欺騙？中國寶石協會副會長、高級工程師欒秉璈提示了以下幾點：我們可以重點從顏色、質地、雜質、硬度幾方面來對和田玉加以考察。
1. Color: Uniform Elegance
一、顏色：均勻雅致
Hetian jade primarily features white and green as base colors, with consistent tonal distribution. In comparison, Xiuyu (蛇纹石玉) and Nanyang jade lack this purity—some even exhibit greenish impurities. The green hue of Hetian jade lies between blue and green, sometimes leading to confusion with green jasper or Xiuyu.
和田玉以白色和青色為基調，色調比較均勻。岫玉和南陽玉沒有其色正，有的還帶有綠色雜質。青色的青玉介於藍與綠之間，有時容易與綠色的碧玉和岫玉等混淆。
2. Texture: Fine and Greasy
二、質地：細膩油潤
Hetian jade boasts a dense, fine texture with a moist, smooth feel and an oily luster. Its white jade surfaces show subtle frosted-glass-like undulations visible under 10–20x magnification. This results in a soft light reflection (not strong glass光泽) that conveys a sense of gentle yet firm resilience.
和田玉質地緻密細膩，滋潤柔和，具油脂光澤。白玉表面有非常細小的毛玻璃狀凹凸，用10–20倍的放大鏡就可看到，因此表面對光線的反射不是很強，不是那種很強的玻璃光澤，特別會給人柔中見剛的感覺。
3. Impurities: Purity and Clarity
三、雜質：純淨度觀察
Genuine Hetian jade has minimal impurities. The naked eye can detect tiny, cloud-like structures (“jade flowers”). Common impurities like iron or graphite are rare and typically concentrated along cracks, appearing brown or black.
和田玉質純，肉眼可以看到細密的小雲片狀、雲霧狀結構的玉花，雜質極少。常見的為鐵質和石墨，多位於裂紋處，呈褐色或褐黑色。
4. Hardness and Toughness: Practical Tests
四、硬度與韌性：實用檢測
Hetian jade has a Mohs hardness of 6.5–6.9—steel knives cannot scratch it. Its high toughness allows it to scratch glass without damage. For comparison:
和田玉硬度在6.5–6.9，用鋼刀是刻不動的，韌性也很強，可以劃玻璃而自身無損傷。對比參考：
- Jadeite: 6.5–7.0
翡翠硬度為6.5–7.0 - Nanyang jade: 6.0–7.5
南陽玉硬度為6.0–7.5 - Chalcedony: 6.5–7.0
玉髓為6.5–7
Use other characteristics (color, texture) to distinguish these from Hetian jade.
可用其他特徵（如顏色、質地）與和田玉相區別。
Quick Identification Checklist
快速鑑別清單
- Color Test: Look for even white/green tones without muddy impurities.
顏色測試：觀察色調是否均勻，避免灰濁雜色。 - Touch Test: Feel for oily smoothness and subtle frosted texture.
觸感測試：體驗油潤感與細微磨砂質地。 - Magnification: Check for natural cloud-like structures under 10x magnification.
放大觀察：10倍鏡下可見天然雲霧狀結構。 - Hardness Test: Use a steel knife (no scratch) or glass-scratching test.
硬度測試：鋼刀刻劃無痕，可劃傷玻璃。
Conclusion
結語
True Hetian jade combines visual elegance with structural integrity. By applying these methods, collectors can confidently identify authentic pieces and appreciate their enduring value.
真正的和田玉兼具視覺雅致與結構完整性。運用這些方法，收藏家可自信鑑別真品，領略其永恆價值。
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