
Classifying Burmese Jadeite: Mineralogy & Infrared Spectroscopy by Prof. Michelle Au
Introduction
Burmese jadeite’s mesmerizing diversity stems from its complex mineral composition. Professor Michelle Au and Yuan Xinqiang’s pioneering research categorizes jadeite into three genetic types—pyroxene, amphibole, and albite—while introducing infrared spectroscopy as a critical authentication tool. This guide deciphers their classification system for collectors and gemologists.
1. The Three Jadeite Types of Myanmar
1.1 Pyroxene-Dominant Jadeite
- Primary Minerals: Jadeite (>50%), kosmochlor, omphacite.
- Color Spectrum:
- Emerald-green: Kosmochlor-rich (“dry green” jadeite).
- Dark green: Omphacite-heavy (“black jadeite” or mo cui).
- Key Feature: Infrared peaks at 1,040 cm⁻¹ (jadeite) vs 985 cm⁻¹ (kosmochlor).
1.2 Amphibole-Type Jadeite
- Dominant Minerals: Actinolite, magnesio-riebeckite.
- Visual Clues: “Blue flowers” (piao lan hua) or black speckles.
- Quality Impact: Lowers transparency; often marketed as “moss-in-snow” jade.
1.3 Albite-Type Jadeite (“Water Mozzi Stone”)
- Characteristics:
- Milky appearance, confused with low-grade jadeite.
- Lacks jadeite’s IR signature; shows albite peaks at 1,100 cm⁻¹.
2. The Science of Identification
2.1 Infrared Spectroscopy Breakthrough
- Non-Destructive Testing: Detects:
- Mineral ratios (jadeite vs kosmochlor).
- Polymer fillers (B/C jade) via 2,850 cm⁻¹ resin peaks.
- Triangle Diagram: Plots jadeite-kosmochlor-omphacite mixtures (Fig. 1).
2.2 Field Tests vs Lab Accuracy
- Microscope Limitations: Omphacite and kosmochlor often indistinguishable visually.
- IR Advantage: Quantifies mineral percentages (e.g., <50% jadeite = kosmochlor jade).
3. Practical Implications for Collectors
- Value Indicators:
- High-grade: Pyroxene-rich with kosmochlor (vibrant green).
- Low-grade: Albite/amphibole mixes.
- Authentication: Demand IR reports for jadeite over $10,000.
- Avoid: “Water mozzi” stones mislabeled as jadeite.
Source: Ouyang, Q. & Yuan, X. (2001). “Classification of Burmese Jadeite and Its Infrared Spectra.” Journal of Gems and Gemmology.

緬甸硬玉分類法:礦物學與紅外光譜技術解析
引言
緬甸翡翠的千變萬化,根源於其礦物組成。歐陽秋眉教授與袁心強的研究將硬玉分為輝石型、角閃石型與鈉長石型三大類,並引入紅外光譜鑑定技術。本文為藏家解讀這套關鍵分類系統。
1. 緬甸硬玉三大類型
1.1 輝石型硬玉
- 主要礦物:硬玉(>50%)、鈉鉻輝石、綠輝石。
- 顏色表現:
- 翠綠色:鈉鉻輝石為主(如「乾青種」)。
- 墨綠色:綠輝石為主(「墨翠」)。
- 紅外特徵:硬玉峰位於1,040 cm⁻¹,鈉鉻輝石峰於985 cm⁻¹。
1.2 角閃石型硬玉
- 主要礦物:陽起石、鎂鈉閃石。
- 肉眼特徵:「飄藍花」或黑色芝麻點。
- 品質影響:降低透明度,常見於中低檔翡翠。
1.3 鈉長石型硬玉(水沫子)
- 特點:
- 乳白色外觀,易與低檔翡翠混淆。
- 缺乏硬玉紅外峰,鈉長石峰位於1,100 cm⁻¹。
2. 鑑定科學
2.1 紅外光譜技術
- 無損檢測:可判讀:
- 礦物比例(如硬玉 vs 鈉鉻輝石)。
- 樹脂填充(B/C貨)於2,850 cm⁻¹處顯峰。
- 三角圖解法:標註硬玉-鈉鉻輝石-綠輝石混合比例(圖1)。
2.2 肉眼 vs 儀器精度
- 顯微鏡局限:綠輝石與鈉鉻輝石難以肉眼區分。
- 紅外優勢:量化礦物含量(如硬玉<50%即歸類鈉鉻輝石玉)。
3. 收藏實用指南
- 價值判斷:
- 高檔:輝石為主且含鈉鉻輝石(鮮綠色)。
- 低檔:鈉長石/角閃石混合。
- 鑑定要點:萬元以上翡翠需附紅外光譜報告。
- 避開陷阱:勿將「水沫子」誤作翡翠購買。
資料來源:歐陽秋眉、袁心強(2001),緬甸硬玉玉的分類及其紅外光譜,《寶石和寶石學雜誌》。
Read More
Michelle Au: The Gemstone Luminary
- The Symbolic Language of Jadeite: Decoding Auspicious Motifs in Chinese Culture
- Jadeite Texture Types & Their Geological Significance – Prof. Michelle Au’s Structural Analysis
- The Mineral Composition of Jadeite: A Scientific Breakdown by Professor Michelle Au
- Will Jadeite Prices Continue to Rise? – Insights from Professor Michelle Au
- Why Padparadscha Sapphires Lost Their Value: The Heat Treatment Controversy